In this study, we investigated how protein deprivation following adult emergence influences lethal and sublethal effects of boric acid on the pest tephritid melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae. We performed a series of experiments to address the impact of prior diet on mortality, diet consumption, enzymes involved in detoxification and antioxidation, and fly activity. Newly emerged melon fly adults were provided either diet containing 3:1 sucrose:yeast hyrdrolysate or just sucrose for three days prior to bioassays. The raw data from the bioassays and R scripts for the analyses are provided.