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A novel anti-RdDM element that defends cis-regulatory element against ncRNA-dependent, siRNA-driven, and methylation-imposed transcriptional silencing in plants [ARE sRNAseq]

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posted on 2024-09-29, 06:59 authored by Zongrang Liu, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS
Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) dictate spatiotemporal expression and tissue specificity of proximal genes. However, when in a transgenic state, many of them become highly vulnerable to RNA-Directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) that is often transcriptionally deleterious and biologically detrimental. This transgene-specific RdDM vulnerability suggests the existence of anti-RdDM elements (AREs) to defend CREs against de novo methylation in vivo. In this work, we identify such an ARE at the Arabidopsis AGAMOUS (AG) locus, which includes a physically separated enhancer and promoter, both of which are highly vulnerable to transgene silencing. We demonstrate that this ARE effectively represses RdDM activity at its cognate and heterologous CREs via the inhibition of transcription and processing of potent non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which act as substrates for the biogenesis of 24-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that guide RdDM. Furthermore, we establish that the ARE exploits hypermethylation in a 108-bp internal region (referred to as M1) as a regulatory signal to recruit methyl reader SU(VAR)3-9 homolog 1 (SUVH1), as well as Harbinger transposon-derived protein 2 (HDP2) associated with HDP1, to carry out ARE-imposed transcriptional and post-transcriptional repression, with the former mediating the repression of ncRNA transcription and the latter repressing both ncRNA transcription and processing. We also show that M1 methylation is indispensable for the repression of methylation in an adjacent, methylation-vulnerable 737-bp region (dubbed M2) to safeguard the ARE’s functional integrity. Taken together, the present study uncovers a novel anti-RdDM element that defends CREs against ncRNA-dependent, siRNA-driven, and methylation-imposed epigenetic interference to safeguard their regulatory integrity. Overall design: Analyses of siRNA expression and profile in various Arabidopis lines

History

Data contact name

BioProject Curation Staff

Publisher

National Center for Biotechnology Information

Temporal Extent Start Date

2023-03-29

Theme

  • Non-geospatial

ISO Topic Category

  • biota

National Agricultural Library Thesaurus terms

transcriptome; gene expression

Pending citation

  • No

Public Access Level

  • Public

Accession Number

PRJNA950093

Preferred dataset citation

It is recommended to cite the accession numbers that are assigned to data submissions, e.g. the GenBank, WGS or SRA accession numbers. If individual BioProjects need to be referenced, state that "The data have been deposited with links to BioProject accession number PRJNA950093 in the NCBI BioProject database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/)."

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